GRIP

GRIP



Taxon:  Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight



Summary
Genus:
Firmiana
Family:
Malvaceae
Subfamily:
Sterculioideae
Nomen number:
102001
Place of publication:
Bull. Bur. Pl. Industr. U.S.D.A. 142:67. 1909, nom. cons.
Comment:
the basionym Hibiscus simplex L. is conserved (nom. cons.) with a conserved type (Shenzhen ICN 14.9 & App. IV)
Verified:
03/13/2019 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0 (0  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System. 
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Basionym
Hibiscus simplex L.

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Firmiana platanifolia (L. f.) Schott & Endl.
Sterculia platanifolia L. f.
No images


Reference(s)
  1. Applequist, W. L. 2012. Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 64. Taxon 61:1115-1116. Note: proposal recommended
  2. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
  3. Door, L. J. 2011. (2041) Proposal to conserve the name Hibiscus simplex (Firmiana simplex)(Malvaceae) with a conserved type. Taxon 60:1781-1782.
  4. Editorial Committee of the Flora of Taiwan. 1993-. Flora of Taiwan, ed. 2.
  5. Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
  6. Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen
  7. Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
  8. Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
  9. Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
  10. Jiangsu Inst. Bot., ed. v. 1; Shan. R. H., ed. v. 2. 1977-1982. Jiangsu Zhiwuzhi (Flora of Jiangsu).
  11. Krüssmann, G. 1984. Manual of cultivated broad-leaved trees and shrubs (English translation of Handbuch der Laubgehölze. 1976) Note: = Firmiana platanifolia (L. f.) Schott & Endl.
  12. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
  13. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan. Note: introduced
  14. Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).
  15. Personal Care Products Council. INCI
  16. Steward, A. N. 1958. Manual of vascular plants of the lower Yangtze valley.
  17. Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
  18. Walters, S. M. et al., eds. 1986-2000. European garden flora.
  19. Wilson, K. L. 2016. Report of the General Committee: 13. Taxon 65:381. Note: proposal recommended
  20. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Common names
English
Chinese parasol-tree –
Chinese-bottletree –
Japanese varnishtree –
phoenixtree –
German
chinesischer Sonnenschirmbaum –
Japanese Rōmaji
ao-giri –
Transcribed Chinese
wu tong –
Transcribed Korean
byeogodongnamu –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaAnhui Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaFujian Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGuangdong Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGuangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGuizhou Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaHainan Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaHubei Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaHunan Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaJiangsu Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaJiangxi Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaShaanxi Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaShandong Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaShanxi Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaSichuan Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaYunnan Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaZhejiang Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanHonshuc. & w.
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanKyushu 
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanRyukyu Islands 
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanShikoku 
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaTaiwan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaKorea  
2CultivatedEurope Europe  
2CultivatedNorthern America United States  
4Naturalized    natzd. elsewhere
Native
Asia-Temperate
  • CHINA: China [Anhui Sheng, Fujian Sheng, Guangdong Sheng, Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, Guizhou Sheng, Hainan Sheng, Hubei Sheng, Hunan Sheng, Jiangsu Sheng, Jiangxi Sheng, Shaanxi Sheng, Shandong Sheng, Shanxi Sheng, Sichuan Sheng, Yunnan Sheng, Zhejiang Sheng]
  • EASTERN ASIA: Japan [Honshu (c. & w.), Kyushu, Ryukyu Islands, Shikoku], Taiwan
Cultivated
Asia-Temperate
  • EASTERN ASIA: Korea
Europe
  • REGION: Europe
Northern America
  • REGION: United States
Naturalized (natzd. elsewhere)
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Environmentalornamental Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Environmentalornamental Walters, S. M. et al., eds. 1986-2000. European garden flora.
Materialsfiber Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2025. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://grip.mawarid.gov.om/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=102001. Accessed 10 May 2025.