GRIP

GRIP



Taxon:  Citrus reticulata Blanco (Citrus Mandarin Orange Group)



Summary
Genus:
Citrus
Family:
Rutaceae
Subfamily:
Aurantioideae
Tribe:
Aurantieae
Subtribe:
Citrinae
Nomen number:
10778
Place of publication:
Fl. Filip. 610. 1837
Comment:
needs a conserved type to match current use as wild species and parent of many hybrids
Verified:
01/24/2020 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0 (0  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System. 
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Citrus benikoji hort. ex Tanaka
Citrus daoxianensis S. W. He & G. F. Liu
Citrus depressa Hayata var. vangasay (Bojer) H. Perrier
Citrus erythrosa hort. ex Tanaka
Citrus nobilis Andrews
Citrus vangasay Bojer
No images


Reference(s)
  1. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) www.skud.info
  2. Bañuls, J. & E. Primo-Millo. 1995. Effects of salinity on some Citrus scion-rootsock combinations. Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 76:97-102. Note: this study examined the cultivar Cleopatra mandarine attributed to Citrus reticulata (see also Moya et al. 2003 J Experim Bot 54:825 for C. reshni)
  3. Bayer, R. J. et al. 2009. A molecular phylogeny of the orange subfamily (Rutaceae: Aurantioideae) using nine cpDNA sequences. Amer. J. Bot. 96:668-685.
  4. Cantuarias-Avilés, T. et al. 2010. Tree performance and fruit yield and quality of 'Okitsu' Satsuma mandarin grafted on 12 rootstocks. Sci. Hort. 123:318-322. Note: this study tested a graft stock cultivar 'Sun ChuSha Kat' of Citrus reticulata, and a hybrid ('Changska mandarin') derived from a cross C. reticulata × Poncirus trifoliata
  5. Citrus Crop Germplasm Committee. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
  6. Cornélio, M. T. M. N. et al. 2003. Chromosomal relationships among cultivars of Citrus reticulata Blanco, its hybrids and related species. Pl. Syst. Evol. 240:149-161.
  7. Curk, F. et al. 2016. Phylogenetic origin of limes and lemons revealed by cytoplasmic and nuclear markers. Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 117:565–583.
  8. Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
  9. Elevitch, C. R., ed. The traditional tree initiative: species profiles for Pacific Island agroforestry (on-line resource). Note:
    • Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR), Holualoa, Hawai'i
    • http://www.traditionaltree.org/
  10. Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
  11. Facciola, S. 1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants Kampong Publications.
  12. Fang, D. et al. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships among selected Citrus germplasm accessions revealed by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 123:612-617.
  13. Federici, C. T. et al. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Citrus (Rutaceae) and related genera as revealed by RFLP and RAPD analysis. Theor. Appl. Genet. 96:812-822. Note: this study examined affinities among of 45 species of Citrus; C. reticulata, one of the three "basic" species was represented by one accession; it was resolved apart from the other "basic" species, but probably due to sampling its group had low support
  14. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
  15. Froelicher, Y. et al. 2008. Characterization of microsatellite markers in mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Molec. Ecol. Resources 8:119-122. Note: Formerly Molecular Ecology Notes
  16. Froelicher, Y. et al. 2011. New universal mitochondrial PCR markers reveal new information on maternal citrus phylogeny. Tree Genet. Genomes 7:49-61.
  17. Garcia-Lor, A. et al. 2013. A nuclear phylogenetic analysis: SNPs, indels and SSRs deliver new insights into the relationships in the 'true citrus fruit trees' group (Citrinae, Rutaceae) and the origin of cultivated species. Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 111:1-19.
  18. Gmitter, F. G. et al. 2007. Citrus fruits. Genome mapping and molecular breeding in plants (7 vols.) Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 14:265-279.
  19. Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
  20. Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
  21. Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
  22. Li, X. et al. 2010. The origin of cultivated Citrus as inferred from Internal Transcribed Spacer and chloroplast DNA sequence and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism fingerprints. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 135:341-350.
  23. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
  24. Mabberley, D. J. 1997. A classification for edible Citrus (Rutaceae). Telopea 7:171.
  25. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
  26. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
  27. Merrill, E. D. 1922-1926. An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants. Note: = Citrus nobilis Lour.
  28. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
  29. Nicolosi, E. et al. 2000. Citrus phylogeny and genetic origin of important species as investigated by molecular markers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 100:1155-1166.
  30. Ollitrault, P. et al. 2012. SNP mining in C. clementina BAC end sequences; transferability in the Citrus genus (Rutaceae), phylogenetic inferences and perspectives for genetic mapping. B. M. C. Genomics 13:13. Note: this study examined the usefulness of SNP markers derived from Citrus clementina for understanding the "origin of some secondary species and important cultivars"; it confirmed the status of C. reticulata as one of the "basic taxa" in the genus, and it showed its role in the origin of most mandarin, clementine, sweet orange cultivars
  31. Penjor, T. et al. 2013. Phylogenetic relationships of Citrus and its relatives based on matK gene sequences. PLoS One 8(4): e62574. Note: this study included one cultivar ('Ponkan') accession of Citrus reticulata resolved within the main "mandarin cluster" together with C. nobilis, C. unshiu, C. tangerina and others
  32. Personal Care Products Council. INCI
  33. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
  34. Rao, N. M. et al. 2011. Chapter 3. Citrus. Wild crop relatives: genomic and breeding resources, tropical and subtropical fruits 43-60.
  35. Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
  36. Reichel, S. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. German common names
  37. Reitz, R., ed. 1965-. Flora ilustrada catarinense.
  38. Swingle, W. T. & P. C. Reece. 1967. The botany of Citrus and its wild relatives.
  39. Tanaka, T. 1954. Species problem in Citrus: a critical study of wild and cultivated units of Citrus, based upon field studies in their native homes. Revisio Aurantiacearum. 9:131. Note: Maruzen Co. Ltd, Tokyo.
  40. Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: = Citrus deliciosa Ten.
  41. Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa.
  42. Verheij, E. W. M. & R. E. Coronel, eds. 1991. Edible fruits and nuts. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 2:135.
  43. Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943-1980. Flora of Panama.
  44. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
  45. Wu, G. A. et al. 2014. Sequencing of diverse mandarin, pummelo and orange genomes reveals complex history of admixture during citrus domestication. Nat. Biotechnol. 32:656-662.
  46. Wu, G. A. et al. 2018. Genomics of the origin and evolution of Citrus. Nature 554:311-316.
  47. Xu, Q. et al. 2013. The draft genome of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). Nat. Genet. 45:59-68.
  48. Yaacob, O. & S. Subhadrabandhu. 1995. The production of economic fruits in South-East Asia
Common names
English
culate mandarin –
mandarin –
mandarin orange –
mandarine orange –
Swatow orange –
tangerine –
French
mandarinier –
German
Mandarinen –
Mandarinenbaum –
Tangerine –
India
santara –
Italian
mandarina –
Japanese Rōmaji
ponkan –
Korean
Kamja –
Portuguese
mandarina –
Portuguese (Brazil)
bergamota –
tangerina –
Spanish
mandarina –
Swedish
småcitrus –
Transcribed Chinese
gan ju –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaHunan Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaVietnam  
2Cultivated    widely cult. in tropics & subtropics
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateChinaChina  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapan  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndiaAssam 
6Other    probable origin s.e. Asia
Native
Asia-Temperate
  • CHINA: China [Hunan Sheng]
Asia-Tropical
  • INDO-CHINA: Vietnam
Cultivated

  • REGION:
Asia-Temperate
  • CHINA: China
  • EASTERN ASIA: Japan
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India [Assam]
Other (probable origin s.e. Asia)
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Food additivesflavoring Facciola, S. 1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants Kampong Publications.
Human foodbeverage base Facciola, S. 1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants Kampong Publications.
Human foodfruit Facciola, S. 1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants Kampong Publications.
Human foodfruitas Citrus erythrosaYe, X.-Q. et al. 2011. Identification of bioactive composition and antioxidant activity in young mandarin fruits. Food Chem. 124:1561-1566. Note: this study included one local cultivar of this species
Medicinesfolklore Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Medicinesfolklore McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Vertebrate poisonsmammals Citrus Crop Germplasm Committee. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2025. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://grip.mawarid.gov.om/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=10778. Accessed 15 May 2025.