Summary
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 2:1040. 1753
Verified:
07/10/2007
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Reference(s)
- Adams, R. P. & R. N. Pandey. 2003. Analysis of Juniperus communis and its varieties based on DNA fingerprinting. Biochem. Syst. & Ecol. 31:1271-1278.
- Adams, R. P. et al. 2002. Systematics of Juniperus from eastern Asia based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs). Biochem. Syst. & Ecol. 30:231-241.
- Adams, R. P. 2008. Junipers of the world: the genus Juniperus, ed. 2
- Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) www.skud.info
- Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
- Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
- Craker, L. E. & J. E. Simon, eds. 1986-1987. Herbs, spices, and medicinal plants, 2 vols.
- Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 14.
- Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
- Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage
- Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen
- Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
- Farjon, A. 2005. A monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys 265-267.
- FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. 2:414-415.
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
- Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984-. Med-Checklist.
- Hara, H. et al. 1978-1982. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal.
- International Seed Testing Association. 1971. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 2. Trees.
- IPGRI. New World Fruits Database (on-line resource).
- Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
- Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
- Jones, A. L. & H. S. Aldwinckle. 1990. Compendium of apple and pear diseases. The disease compendium series. 13.
- Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Note: with three varieties
- Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
- Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
- Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
- McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
- Personal Care Products Council. INCI
- Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
- Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
- Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
- Silba, J. 1986. Encyclopaedia Coniferae. Phytologia Mem. 8:89.
Common names
English
common juniper – juniper – malchangel – English (Canada)
common juniper – French
genévrier – genièvre commun – French (Canada)
genévrier commun – German
gemeine Wacholder – Heide-Wacholder – Wacholder – Italian
ginepro – ginepro comune – Portuguese
zimbreiro – Spanish
enebro – Swedish
en –
Distribution
| order_code | Status | Continent | Subcontinent | Country | State | Note |
| 1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Algeria | | n. |
| 1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Morocco | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Azerbaijan | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Georgia | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Russian Federation | Dagestan | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Jilin Sheng | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Xizang Zizhiqu | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Eastern Asia | Japan | Hokkaidô | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Eastern Asia | Japan | Honshu | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Eastern Asia | Korea | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Middle Asia | Kazakhstan | | e. |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Middle Asia | Kyrgyzstan | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Middle Asia | Tajikistan | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Russian Far East | Russian Federation | Kamchatka | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Russian Far East | Russian Federation | Kurile Islands | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Russian Far East | Russian Federation | Sakhalin | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia | Eastern Siberia | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation-Western Siberia | Western Siberia | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Afghanistan | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Turkey | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Nepal | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Pakistan | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Belarus | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Estonia | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Latvia | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Lithuania | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Moldova | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Russian Federation-European part | European part | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Ukraine | | incl. Krym |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Austria | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Belgium | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Czech Republic | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Germany | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Hungary | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Netherlands | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Poland | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Slovakia | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Switzerland | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Denmark | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Finland | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Iceland | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Ireland | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Norway | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Sweden | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | United Kingdom | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Albania | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Bosnia and Herzegovina | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Bulgaria | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Croatia | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Greece | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Italy | | incl. Sardinia, Sicily |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Montenegro | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Romania | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Serbia | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Slovenia | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | France | | incl. Corsica |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | Portugal | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | Spain | | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | New Brunswick | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Newfoundland and Labrador | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Nova Scotia | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Ontario | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Prince Edward Island | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Québec | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Illinois | n. & e. |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Minnesota | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | North Dakota | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | South Dakota | n.w. |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Wisconsin | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Connecticut | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Indiana | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Maine | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Massachusetts | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Michigan | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New Hampshire | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New York | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Ohio | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Pennsylvania | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Rhode Island | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Vermont | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Colorado | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Idaho | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Montana | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Oregon | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Washington | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Wyoming | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | South-Central U.S.A. | United States | New Mexico | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Georgia | n. |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | North Carolina | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | South Carolina | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Virginia | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southwestern U.S.A. | United States | Arizona | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southwestern U.S.A. | United States | California | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southwestern U.S.A. | United States | Nevada | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southwestern U.S.A. | United States | Utah | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Subarctic America | Canada | Northwest Territories | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Subarctic America | Canada | Yukon | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Subarctic America | United States | Alaska | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Western Canada | Canada | Alberta | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Western Canada | Canada | British Columbia | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Western Canada | Canada | Manitoba | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Western Canada | Canada | Saskatchewan | |
| 2 | Cultivated | | | | | also cult. |
Native
Africa
-
NORTHERN AFRICA:
Algeria (n.), Morocco
Asia-Temperate
-
WESTERN ASIA:
Afghanistan, Turkey
-
CAUCASUS:
Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
-
SIBERIA:
Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia]
-
MIDDLE ASIA:
Kazakhstan (e.), Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan
-
RUSSIAN FAR EAST:
Russian Federation [Kurile Islands, Kamchatka, Sakhalin]
-
CHINA:
China [Jilin Sheng, Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, Xizang Zizhiqu]
-
EASTERN ASIA:
Korea, Japan [Hokkaidô, Honshu]
Asia-Tropical
-
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT:
Nepal, Pakistan
Europe
-
NORTHERN EUROPE:
Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Ireland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden
-
MIDDLE EUROPE:
Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia
-
EASTERN EUROPE:
Russian Federation-European part [European part], Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova, Ukraine (incl. Krym)
-
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE:
Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
-
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE:
Spain, France (incl. Corsica), Portugal
Northern America
-
SUBARCTIC AMERICA:
Canada [Northwest Territories, Yukon], United States [Alaska]
-
EASTERN CANADA:
Canada [New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec]
-
WESTERN CANADA:
Canada [Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan]
-
NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont]
-
NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.:
United States [Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota (n.w.), Illinois (n. & e.), Wisconsin]
-
NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming]
-
SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Georgia (n.), North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia]
-
SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.:
United States [New Mexico]
-
SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah]
Cultivated
(also cult.)
Economic Uses
| Usage | Type | Note | Reference |
| Environmental | ornamental | | Encke, F. et al. 1993. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 14. Auflage |
| Environmental | ornamental | | Farjon, A. 2005. A monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys 265-267. |
| Food additives | flavoring | for gin drinks fide Food Feed Crops US; Monog Cupressaceae | Farjon, A. 2005. A monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys 265-267. |
| Harmful organism host | crop diseases | rust diseases fide Disease Comp, Compendium of apple and pear diseases 13. 1990. APS | Jones, A. L. & H. S. Aldwinckle. 1990. Compendium of apple and pear diseases. The disease compendium series. 13. |
| Materials | essential oils | | Craker, L. E. & J. E. Simon, eds. 1986-1987. Herbs, spices, and medicinal plants, 2 vols. |
| Medicines | folklore | | Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2 |
| Medicines | folklore | | Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs |
| Medicines | folklore | | McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland. |
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System.
2025. Germplasm Resources Information Network
(GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://grip.mawarid.gov.om/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=20821.
Accessed 10 May 2025.