GRIP

GRIP



Taxon:  Allium sativum L.



Summary
Genus:
Allium
Subgenus:
Allium
Section:
Allium
Family:
Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily:
Allioideae
Tribe:
Allieae
Nomen number:
2368
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:296. 1753
Verified:
01/12/2007 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0 (0  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System. 
Other conspecific taxa
Allium sativum L. var. ophioscorodon (Link) Döll (0 active accession[s])
Allium sativum L. var. sativum (0 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
No images


Reference(s)
  1. PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
  2. Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource).
  3. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) www.skud.info
  4. Balick, M. J. et al. 2000. Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize, with common names and uses. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 85
  5. Batra, L. R. 1995. Names of Japanese plants sorted by their Japanese names in Romanized Katakana and scientific nomenclature
  6. Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
  7. Brewster, J. L. 1994. Onions and other vegetable alliums. Crop Prod. Sci. Hort. 3:10.
  8. Cavagnaro, P. F. & C. R. Galmarini. 2007. Chapter 12. Garlic. Genome mapping and molecular breeding in plants (7 vols.) Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 5:349-364.
  9. Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous
  10. Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
  11. Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
  12. Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
  13. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
  14. FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
  15. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
  16. Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
  17. Hammel, B. E. et al., eds. 2003-. Manual de plantas de Costa Rica
  18. Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6 4:2267-2269.
  19. Hitchcock, C. L. et al. 1955-1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest.
  20. Hoang, H.-D. et al. 1997. Additional notes to the checklist of Korean cultivated plants (5). Consolidated summary and indexes. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44:354.
  21. Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75
  22. Kala, C. P. et al. 2004. Prioritization of medicinal plants on the basis of available knowledge, existing practices and use value status in Uttaranchal, India. Biodivers. & Conservation 13:459.
  23. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
  24. Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants Note: poisonous
  25. Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
  26. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
  27. Maaß, H. I. & M. Klaas. 1995. Infraspecific differentiation of garlic (Allium sativum L.) by isozyme and RAPD markers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 91:89-97. Note: recognizes four major groups, one of which includes Allium longicuspis
  28. Mansfeld, R. 1959. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2.
  29. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
  30. Messiaen, C.-M. et al. 1993. Les Allium alimentaires reproduits par voie végétative. 1-230.
  31. Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:76
  32. Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource).
  33. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
  34. Personal Care Products Council. INCI
  35. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
  36. Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 8:77-80.
  37. Skvortsov, A. K., ed. 2006. Flora of the Lower Volga region 1:341.
  38. Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
  39. Stearn, W. T. 1944. Notes on the genus Allium in the Old World. Herbertia 11:11-34.
  40. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
  41. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Common names
English
garlic –
Arabic
thoum –
French
ail –
German
Knoblauch –
Japanese Rōmaji
ninniku –
Portuguese
alho –
Spanish
ajo –
Swedish
vitlök –
Transcribed Chinese
suan –
Transcribed Korean
maneul –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
2Cultivated    also cult. elsewhere
2CultivatedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  
2CultivatedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania  
2CultivatedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaUganda  
2CultivatedAfricaMacaronesiaSpainCanarias 
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaChad  
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEritrea  
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEthiopia  
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSudan  
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria  
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt  
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaLibya  
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaTunisia  
2CultivatedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaAngola  
2CultivatedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMalawi  
2CultivatedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMozambique  
2CultivatedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZambia  
2CultivatedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZimbabwe  
2CultivatedAfricaSouthern AfricaBotswana  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaBurkina Faso  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGuinea  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaMali  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaMauritania  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNiger  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNigeria  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSenegal  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateCaucasusArmenia  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateCaucasusAzerbaijan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateCaucasusGeorgia  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian Federation-CiscaucasiaCiscaucasia 
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateChinaChina  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaKorea  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKazakhstan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKyrgyzstan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTajikistan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTurkmenistan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaUzbekistan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateRussian Far EastRussian Federation-Far EastFar East 
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Eastern SiberiaEastern Siberia 
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Western SiberiaWestern Siberia 
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaIndochina  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaThailand  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesia  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalMalesiaMalaysia  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalMalesiaPhilippines  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalPapuasiaPapua New Guinea  
2CultivatedAustralasiaAustraliaAustraliaVictoria 
2CultivatedEuropeEastern EuropeBelarus  
2CultivatedEuropeEastern EuropeMoldova  
2CultivatedEuropeEastern EuropeRussian Federation-European partEuropean part 
2CultivatedEuropeEastern EuropeUkraine  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeCzechoslovakia  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeHungary  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropePoland  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeSwitzerland  
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeAlbania  
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece  
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly  
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeRomania  
2CultivatedEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance  
2CultivatedEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain  
2CultivatedNorthern America Canada  
2CultivatedNorthern America Mexico  
2CultivatedNorthern America United States  
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazil  
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaCentral America  
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaEcuador  
6Other    possible origin c. Asia
Cultivated

  • REGION:
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Spain [Canarias]
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Chad
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
  • WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana
Asia-Temperate
  • WESTERN ASIA: Turkey
  • CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
  • SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia]
  • MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
  • RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation-Far East [Far East]
  • CHINA: China
  • EASTERN ASIA: Korea
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India
  • PAPUASIA: Papua New Guinea
  • INDO-CHINA: Indochina, Thailand
  • MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia [Victoria]
Europe
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Czechoslovakia, Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Hungary, Poland
  • EASTERN EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part], Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Greece, Italy, Romania
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France
Northern America
  • REGION: Canada, Mexico, United States
Southern America
  • CENTRAL AMERICA: Central America
  • BRAZIL: Brazil
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Ecuador
Other (possible origin c. Asia)
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Medicinesfolklorefide Pl Res SEAs 12(1):99. 1999; CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2; Biodiv Conserv 13:459. 2004McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Vertebrate poisonsmammals Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous
Vertebrate poisonsmammals Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants Note: poisonous
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2025. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://grip.mawarid.gov.om/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=2368. Accessed 2 May 2025.