Summary
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:269. 1753
Verified:
12/09/1996
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Reference(s)
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- Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) www.skud.info
- Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961-. Flora of New Zealand.
- Black, J. M. 1943-1957. Flora of Southern Australia, ed. 2.
- Bolli, R. 1994. Revision of the genus Sambucus. Diss. Bot. 223:161.
- Burbidge, N. T. & M. Gray. 1970. Flora of the Australian Capital Territory.
- Chowdhery, H. J. & B. M. Wadhwa. 1984. Flora of Himachal Pradesh.
- Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning
- Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
- Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
- Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
- Eriksson, O. et al. 1979. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 2.
- Eriksson, T. &. M. J. Donoghue. 1997. Phylogenetic relationships of Sambucus and Adoxa (Adoxoideae, Adoxaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences and preliminary morphological data. Syst. Bot. 22:555-573. www.aspt.net/systematic-botany
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
- Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada.
- Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
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- Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
- Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
- McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
- Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource).
- Personal Care Products Council. INCI
- Press, J. R. & M. J. Short, eds. 1994. Flora of Madeira.
- Quézel, P. & S. Santa. 1962-1963. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie.
- Rehder, A. 1949. Bibliography of cultivated trees and shrubs.
- Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
- Silva, L. et al. 2005. Listagem da fauna e flora terrestres dos Açores. Lista des plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta).
- Steward, A. N. 1958. Manual of vascular plants of the lower Yangtze valley.
- Stewart, R. 1972. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir
- Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq.
- Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
- Valdés, B. et al., eds. 2002. Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du nord du Maroc, incluant des clés d'identification
- Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
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- 2018. Oklahoma vascular plant database
Common names
English
elder –
Distribution
| order_code | Status | Continent | Subcontinent | Country | State | Note |
| 1 | Native | Africa | Macaronesia | Spain | Canarias | La Gomera, Gran Canaria, La Palma, Tenerife |
| 1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Tunisia | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Armenia | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Azerbaijan | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Georgia | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Russian Federation | Dagestan | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia | Ciscaucasia | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Iran | | w. |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Iraq | | n. |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Turkey | | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | Himachal Pradesh | |
| 1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | Jammu and Kashmir | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Belarus | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Moldova | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Russian Federation-European part | European part | s. |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Eastern Europe | Ukraine | | incl. Krym |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Austria | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Belgium | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Czechoslovakia | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Germany | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Hungary | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Netherlands | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Poland | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Switzerland | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Denmark | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Finland | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Ireland | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Norway | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Sweden | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | United Kingdom | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Albania | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Bulgaria | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Former Yugoslavia | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Greece | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Italy | | incl. Sicily |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Romania | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | France | | incl. Corsica |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | Portugal | | |
| 1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | Spain | | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | New Brunswick | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Nova Scotia | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Ontario | s. |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Prince Edward Island | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Québec | s. |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Illinois | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Iowa | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Kansas | e. |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Minnesota | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Missouri | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Nebraska | e. |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | North Dakota | e. |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Oklahoma | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | South Dakota | e. |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Wisconsin | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Connecticut | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Indiana | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Maine | e. |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Massachusetts | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Michigan | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New Hampshire | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New Jersey | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New York | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Ohio | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Rhode Island | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Vermont | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | West Virginia | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northern Mexico | Mexico | Baja California (Norte) | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northern Mexico | Mexico | Baja California Sur | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northern Mexico | Mexico | Chihuahua | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northern Mexico | Mexico | Durango | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northern Mexico | Mexico | Nuevo León | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northern Mexico | Mexico | Sinaloa | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northern Mexico | Mexico | Sonora | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Colorado | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Idaho | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Montana | w. |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Oregon | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Washington | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Wyoming | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | South-Central U.S.A. | United States | New Mexico | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | South-Central U.S.A. | United States | Texas | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Alabama | s. |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Arkansas | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Delaware | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Florida | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Georgia | s. |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Kentucky | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Louisiana | s. |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Maryland | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Mississippi | s. |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | North Carolina | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | South Carolina | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Tennessee | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Virginia | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Hidalgo | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Oaxaca | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Puebla | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southwestern U.S.A. | United States | Arizona | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southwestern U.S.A. | United States | California | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southwestern U.S.A. | United States | Utah | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Western Canada | Canada | Alberta | s. |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Western Canada | Canada | British Columbia | s. |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Western Canada | Canada | Manitoba | s.e. |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Central America | Belize | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Central America | Costa Rica | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Central America | El Salvador | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Central America | Guatemala | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Central America | Honduras | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Central America | Nicaragua | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Central America | Panama | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Southern South America | Argentina | | n.w. |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Western South America | Bolivia | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Western South America | Colombia | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Western South America | Ecuador | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Western South America | Peru | | |
| 2 | Cultivated | | | | | also cult. |
| 4 | Naturalized | | | | | natzd. elsewhere |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | Macaronesia | Portugal | Azores | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | Macaronesia | Portugal | Madeira Islands | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | Northern Africa | Algeria | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | Northern Africa | Morocco | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Australasia | New Zealand | New Zealand | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Caribbean | West Indies | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Central America | Central America | | |
Native
Africa
-
MACARONESIA:
Spain [Canarias (La Gomera, Gran Canaria, La Palma, Tenerife)]
-
NORTHERN AFRICA:
Tunisia
Asia-Temperate
-
WESTERN ASIA:
Iran (w.), Iraq (n.), Turkey
-
CAUCASUS:
Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
Asia-Tropical
-
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT:
India [Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir]
Europe
-
NORTHERN EUROPE:
Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway, Sweden
-
MIDDLE EUROPE:
Czechoslovakia, Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland
-
EASTERN EUROPE:
Russian Federation-European part [European part (s.)], Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine (incl. Krym)
-
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE:
Former Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy (incl. Sicily), Romania
-
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE:
Spain, France (incl. Corsica), Portugal
Northern America
-
EASTERN CANADA:
Canada [New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario (s.), Prince Edward Island, Québec (s.)]
-
WESTERN CANADA:
Canada [Alberta (s.), British Columbia (s.), Manitoba (s.e.)]
-
NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Indiana, Maine (e.), Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, Connecticut]
-
NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.:
United States [Iowa, Kansas (e.), Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska (e.), North Dakota (e.), South Dakota (e.), Illinois, Oklahoma, Wisconsin]
-
NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Colorado, Idaho, Montana (w.), Oregon, Washington, Wyoming]
-
SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Alabama (s.), Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia (s.), Kentucky, Louisiana (s.), Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Mississippi (s.), Tennessee]
-
SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.:
United States [New Mexico, Texas]
-
SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Arizona, California, Utah]
-
NORTHERN MEXICO:
Mexico [Baja California (Norte), Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Durango, Nuevo León, Sinaloa, Sonora]
-
SOUTHERN MEXICO:
Mexico [Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave]
Southern America
-
CENTRAL AMERICA:
Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador
-
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
-
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Argentina (n.w.)
Cultivated
(also cult.)
Naturalized
Africa
-
MACARONESIA:
Portugal [Azores, Madeira Islands]
-
NORTHERN AFRICA:
Algeria, Morocco
Australasia
Southern America
-
CARIBBEAN:
West Indies
-
CENTRAL AMERICA:
Central America
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System.
2025. Germplasm Resources Information Network
(GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://grip.mawarid.gov.om/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=32994.
Accessed 3 May 2025.