Summary
Place of publication:
A revision of the tribe Antirrhineae 457. 1988
Comment:
still commonly treated as Linaria canadensis L.
Verified:
10/30/2002
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Reference(s)
- Cronquist, A. et al. 1972-. Intermountain flora. Note: = Linaria canadensis
- Diggs, G. M., Jr. et al. 1999. Shinner's and Mahler's illustrated flora of North Central Texas.
- Harmon, P. J. et al. 2006. Checklist and atlas of the vascular flora of West Virginia.
- Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
- Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
- Ohio Flora Committee (E. L. Braun, T. S. Cooperrider, T. R. Fisher, J. J. Furlow). 1967-. The vascular flora of Ohio.
- Sutton, D. A. 1988. A revision of the tribe Antirrhineae
- Vibrans, H., ed. Malezas de México (on-line resource).
- Voss, E. 1972-. Michigan flora.
- Wofford, B. E. Database of Tennessee vascular plants (on-line resource).
Common names
English
blue toadflax – old-field toadflax – toadflax –
Distribution
| order_code | Status | Continent | Subcontinent | Country | State | Note |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Nova Scotia | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Ontario | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Québec | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Illinois | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Iowa | e. |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Kansas | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Minnesota | s.e. |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Missouri | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Nebraska | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Oklahoma | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | South Dakota | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Wisconsin | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Connecticut | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Indiana | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Maine | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Massachusetts | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Michigan | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New Hampshire | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New Jersey | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New York | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Ohio | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Pennsylvania | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Rhode Island | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Vermont | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | West Virginia | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | South-Central U.S.A. | United States | Texas | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Alabama | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Arkansas | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Delaware | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Florida | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Georgia | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Kentucky | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Louisiana | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Maryland | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Mississippi | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | North Carolina | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | South Carolina | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Tennessee | |
| 1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Virginia | |
| 2 | Cultivated | | | | | also cult. |
| 4 | Naturalized | Europe | Eastern Europe | Russian Federation-European part | European part | c. |
Native
Northern America
-
EASTERN CANADA:
Canada [Québec, Nova Scotia, Ontario]
-
NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia]
-
NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.:
United States [Iowa (e.), Kansas, Minnesota (s.e.), Missouri, Nebraska, South Dakota, Illinois, Oklahoma, Wisconsin]
-
SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia]
-
SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.:
United States [Texas]
Cultivated
(also cult.)
Naturalized
Europe
-
EASTERN EUROPE:
Russian Federation-European part [European part (c.)]
Economic Uses
| Usage | Type | Note | Reference |
| Environmental | ornamental | as Linaria canadensis | Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. |
| Weed | | of unknown importance, as Linaria canadensis | Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds |
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System.
2025. Germplasm Resources Information Network
(GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://grip.mawarid.gov.om/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=409898.
Accessed 16 May 2025.