GRIP

GRIP



Taxon:  Armoracia rusticana G. Gaertn. et al.



Summary
Genus:
Armoracia
Family:
Brassicaceae (alt. Cruciferae)
Tribe:
Cardamineae
Nomen number:
4234
Place of publication:
Oekon. Fl. Wetterau 2:426. 1800
Comment:
since this name was originally based on Cochlearia rusticana Lam., an illegitimate, superfluous name (Shenzhen ICN 52), there is no parenthetical authorship (Shenzhen ICN 58)
Verified:
04/02/2012 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0 (0  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System. 
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib. ex Usteri
Cochlearia armoracia L.
Nasturtium armoracia (L.) Fr.
Radicula armoracia (L.) B. L. Rob.
Rorippa armoracia (L.) Hitchc.
No images


Reference(s)
  1. Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource).
  2. Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. 1976-. Flora of Libya.
  3. Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961-. Flora of New Zealand.
  4. Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous
  5. Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 121-122.
  6. Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
  7. Dorofeev, V. 1996. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
  8. Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
  9. Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen
  10. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
  11. FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
  12. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
  13. Fosberg, F. R. 1965. Nomenclature of the horseradish (Cruciferae). Baileya 13:1-4.
  14. Fosberg, F. R. 1966. The correct name of the horseradish (Cruciferae). Baileya 14:60.
  15. Guzman, C. C. de & J. S. Siemonsma, eds. 1999. Spices. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 13:76-80.
  16. Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
  17. Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
  18. Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
  19. Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1972-. Atlas florae europaeae.
  20. Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous
  21. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
  22. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
  23. Mansfeld, R. 1959. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2.
  24. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
  25. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
  26. Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource).
  27. Navrátilová, B. et al. 1997. Construction of intergeneric somatic hybrids between Brassica oleracea and Armoracia rusticana. Biol. Pl. 39:531-541.
  28. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
  29. Rehm, S. & G. Espig. 1991. The cultivated plants of the tropics and subtropics
  30. Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
  31. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
  32. Warwick, S.I. et al. Part III. Interspecific and intergeneric hybridization data. Guide to wild germplasm of Brassica and allied crops (Tribe Brassiceae, Brassicaceae), ed. 3 (on-line resource).
  33. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Common names
English
horseradish –
English (Canada)
horseradish –
French
cran –
cranson –
mérédic –
raifort cran –
raifort sauvage –
French (Canada)
raifort –
German
Kren –
Meerrettich –
Italian
barba forte –
cren –
crenno –
Japanese Rōmaji
seiyō-wasabi –
uma-daikon –
wasabi-daikon –
Portuguese
rábano-picanto –
raiz-forte –
Spanish
rábano picante –
rábano rusticano –
Transcribed Chinese
la gen shu –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeMoldova  
2Cultivated    also cult. elsewhere
2CultivatedAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth Africa  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateChinaChina  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesia  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalMalesiaMalaysia  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalMalesiaPhilippines  
2CultivatedAustralasiaNew ZealandNew Zealand  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeBelgium  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  
2CultivatedEuropeNorthern EuropeIreland  
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly  
2CultivatedNorthern America Canada  
2CultivatedNorthern America United States  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateCaucasusArmenia  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaHebei Sheng 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaHeilongjiang Sheng 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaJiangsu Sheng 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaJilin Sheng 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaLiaoning Sheng 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanHokkaidô 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanHonshu 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTurkmenistan  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateRussian Far EastRussian Federation-Far EastFar East 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Eastern SiberiaEastern Siberia 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Western SiberiaWestern Siberia 
4NaturalizedAustralasiaNew ZealandNew Zealand  
4NaturalizedEuropeEastern EuropeBelarus  
4NaturalizedEuropeEastern EuropeEstonia  
4NaturalizedEuropeEastern EuropeLatvia  
4NaturalizedEuropeEastern EuropeLithuania  
4NaturalizedEuropeEastern EuropeRussian Federation-European partEuropean part 
4NaturalizedEuropeEastern EuropeUkraine  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeBelgium  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeCzech Republic  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeHungary  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeNetherlands  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropePoland  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeSwitzerland  
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeDenmark  
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeFinland  
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeIreland  
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeNorway  
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeSweden  
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeUnited Kingdom  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeAlbania  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBulgaria  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeCroatia  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeNorth Macedonia  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeRomania  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSerbia  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSlovenia  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeTurkeyKırklareli 
4NaturalizedEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance  
4NaturalizedEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain  
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaNew Brunswick 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaNova Scotia 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaOntario 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaPrince Edward Island 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaQuébec 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesIllinois 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesIowa 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesMinnesota 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesMissouri 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesNebraska 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesNorth Dakota 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesSouth Dakota 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesWisconsin 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesConnecticut 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesIndiana 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMaine 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMassachusetts 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMichigan 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesNew Hampshire 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesNew Jersey 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesNew York 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesOhio 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesPennsylvania 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesRhode Island 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesVermont 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesWest Virginia 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesColorado 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesIdaho 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesMontana 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesOregon 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesWashington 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesWyoming 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouth-Central U.S.A.United StatesNew Mexico 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesNorth Carolina 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesTennessee 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesVirginia 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesCalifornia 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesUtah 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaBritish Columbia 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaManitoba 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaSaskatchewan 
6Other    possible origin e. Europe
Native
Europe
  • EASTERN EUROPE: Moldova
Cultivated

  • REGION:
Africa
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: South Africa
Asia-Temperate
  • CHINA: China
Asia-Tropical
  • MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
Australasia
  • NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand
Europe
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Ireland
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Germany
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Italy
Northern America
  • REGION: Canada, United States
Naturalized
Asia-Temperate
  • CAUCASUS: Armenia
  • SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia]
  • MIDDLE ASIA: Turkmenistan
  • RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation-Far East [Far East]
  • CHINA: China [Heilongjiang Sheng, Hebei Sheng, Jiangsu Sheng, Jilin Sheng, Liaoning Sheng]
  • EASTERN ASIA: Japan [Hokkaidô, Honshu]
Australasia
  • NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand
Europe
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway, Sweden
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland
  • EASTERN EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part], Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Croatia, Italy, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Turkey [Kırklareli]
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France
Northern America
  • EASTERN CANADA: Canada [New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec]
  • WESTERN CANADA: Canada [British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan]
  • NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia]
  • NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin]
  • NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming]
  • SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia]
  • SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [New Mexico]
  • SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [California, Utah]
Other (possible origin e. Europe)
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Food additivesflavoring Rehm, S. & G. Espig. 1991. The cultivated plants of the tropics and subtropics
Materialschemicalssource of peroxidase used in biochemistry and immunologyGuzman, C. C. de & J. S. Siemonsma, eds. 1999. Spices. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 13:76-80.
Medicinesfolklore Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
Medicinesfolklore Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Medicinesfolklore McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Medicinesfolklore Dorofeev, V. 1996. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
Vertebrate poisonsmammals Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous
Vertebrate poisonsmammals Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous
Weed  FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2025. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://grip.mawarid.gov.om/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=4234. Accessed 2 May 2025.