GRIP

GRIP



Taxon:  Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench



Summary
Genus:
Abelmoschus
Family:
Malvaceae
Subfamily:
Malvoideae
Tribe:
Hibisceae
Nomen number:
619
Place of publication:
Methodus 617. 1794
Comment:
a probable allopolyploid
Verified:
07/26/1995 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
2 (2  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Basionym
Hibiscus esculentus L.

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Hibiscus longifolius Willd.
Hibiscus longifolius Willd. var. longifolius
No images


Reference(s)
  1. PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
  2. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) www.skud.info
  3. Bates, D. M. 1968. Notes on the cultivated Malvaceae 2. Abelmoschus. Baileya 16:110-112.
  4. Bisht, I. S. & K. V. Bhat. 2007. Vegetable crops: Okra (Abelmoschus spp.). Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement 148-183. Note: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton - London - New York
  5. Borssum Waalkes, J. v. 1966. Malesian Malvaceae revised. Blumea 14:100-101.
  6. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
  7. Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon.
  8. Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7 Note: GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France
  9. Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
  10. Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen
  11. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
  12. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
  13. Hackett, C. & J. Carolane. 1982. Edible Horticultural Crops Academic Press.
  14. Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
  15. Hermann, M. 1997. Arracacha. Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft. In: Hermann, M. & J. Heller (eds.), Andean roots and tubers: Ahipa, arracacha, maca and yacon. 87.
  16. Hoang, H.-D. et al. 1997. Additional notes to the checklist of Korean cultivated plants (5). Consolidated summary and indexes. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 44:352.
  17. Humbert, J.-H., ed. 1936-. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores.
  18. International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2.
  19. Jørgensen, P. M., ed. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia (Catalogue of vascular plants of Bolivia) (on-line resource).
  20. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
  21. Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2
  22. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
  23. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
  24. Patil, P. et al. 2015. A systematic review of the genus Abelmoschus (Malvaceae). Rheedea 25:14-30.
  25. Personal Care Products Council. INCI
  26. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
  27. Schafleitner, R. et al. 2013. The okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) transcriptome as a source for gene sequence information and molecular markers for diversity analysis. Gene 517:27-36. Note: polyploid; 2n=72, 108, 120, 132, and 144
  28. Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 8:57.
  29. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Common names
English
gumbo –
lady's-fingers –
okra –
French
gombo –
okra –
German
eßbarer Bisameibisch –
Ocker –
Hindi
bhindi –
Indonesian
kopi arab –
Italian
gombo –
ocra –
Malay
kacang bendi –
Portuguese (Brazil)
quiabo –
Spanish
gombo –
Swedish
okra –
Transcribed Chinese
ka fei huang kui –
Transliterated Russian
bamiâ –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
2Cultivated    widely cult. in tropic & warm-temperate regions
2CultivatedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  
2CultivatedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania  
2CultivatedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaUganda  
2CultivatedAfricaMacaronesiaCabo Verde  
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaChad  
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEritrea  
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEthiopia  
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSomalia  
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSudan  
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt  
2CultivatedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMalawi  
2CultivatedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMozambique  
2CultivatedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZambia  
2CultivatedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZimbabwe  
2CultivatedAfricaSouthern AfricaBotswana  
2CultivatedAfricaSouthern AfricaNamibia  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaBenin  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaBurkina Faso  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaCôte D'Ivoire  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGhana  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaMali  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaMauritania  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNiger  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNigeria  
2CultivatedAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaCameroon  
2CultivatedAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaDemocratic Republic of the Congo  
2CultivatedAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaGabon  
2CultivatedAfricaWestern Indian OceanComoros  
2CultivatedAfricaWestern Indian OceanMadagascar  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaKuwait  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaQatar  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaSaudi Arabia  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaYemen  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateChinaChina  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaAfghanistan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaCyprus  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaJordan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaLebanon  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaSyria  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentBangladesh  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentSri Lanka  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaMyanmar  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaThailand  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalMalesiaMalaysia  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalMalesiaPhilippines  
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeFormer Yugoslavia  
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece  
2CultivatedNorthern America Mexico  
2CultivatedNorthern America United States  
2CultivatedPacificSouthwestern PacificFiji  
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazil  
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanBarbados  
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaBelize  
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaGuatemala  
Cultivated

  • REGION:
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Cabo Verde
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Egypt
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, Chad
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
  • WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon
  • WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte D'Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana, Namibia
  • WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Comoros, Madagascar
Asia-Temperate
  • ARABIAN PENINSULA: Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
  • WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Cyprus, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
  • CHINA: China
  • EASTERN ASIA: Japan
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan
  • INDO-CHINA: Myanmar, Thailand
  • MALESIA: Malaysia, Philippines
Europe
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Former Yugoslavia, Greece
Northern America
  • REGION: Mexico, United States
Pacific
  • SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Fiji
Southern America
  • CARIBBEAN: Barbados
  • CENTRAL AMERICA: Belize, Guatemala
  • BRAZIL: Brazil
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Human foodvegetable Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
Medicinesfolklore Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Medicinesfolklore McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2025. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://grip.mawarid.gov.om/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=619. Accessed 28 April 2025.