GRIP

GRIP



Taxon:  Capsicum frutescens L.



Summary
Genus:
Capsicum
Family:
Solanaceae
Subfamily:
Solanoideae
Tribe:
Capsiceae
Nomen number:
8913
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:189. 1753
Verified:
01/22/1997 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0 (0  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System. 
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Autonym(s)
Capsicum frutescens L. var. frutescens

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Capsicum assamicum Purkayastha & L. Singh
Capsicum minimum Blanco
No images


Reference(s)
  1. Albrecht, E. et al. 2012. Genetic diversity and population structure of Capsicum baccatum genetic resources. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 59:517-538.
  2. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) www.skud.info
  3. Bernal, R., S. R. Gradstein & M. Celis. 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. Note: cultivated
  4. Carrizo García, C. et al. 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 118:35-51. Note: only as a cultivated species
  5. Carvalho, S. I. C. et al. 2014. Morphological and genetic relationships between wild and domesticated forms of peppers (Capsicum frutescens L. and C. chinense Jacquin). Genet. Molec. Res. 13:7447-7464.
  6. Carvalho, S. I. C. et al. 2017. Genetic variability of a Brazilian Capsicum frutescens germplasm collection using morphological characteristics and SSR markers. Genet. Molec. Res. 16(3): gmr16039689. Pages 1-18.
  7. D'Arcy, W. G. & W. H. Eshbaugh. 1974. New World peppers (Capsicum-Solanaceae) North of Colombia. A résumé . Baileya 19:101.
  8. Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
  9. Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
  10. Eshbaugh, W. H. 1993. Peppers: history and exploitation of a serendipitous new crop discovery. New crops 133. Note: = Capsicum chinense Jacq.
  11. Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
  12. Facciola, S. 1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants Kampong Publications.
  13. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
  14. Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
  15. Ibiza, V. P. et al. 2012. Taxonomy and genetic diversity of domesticated Capsicum species in the Andean region. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 59:1077-1088.
  16. Jägger, M. et al. 2013. Guía de oportunidades de mercado para los ajíes nativos de Perú. Bioversity internationl. Bioversity International., The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy. 1-70.
  17. Kochieva, E. Z. et al. 2004. Assessment of genetic relationships in the genus Capsicum using different DNA marker systems. Proceedings of the XIIth EUCARPIA meeting on genetics and breeding of Capsicum and eggplant, Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands, 17-19 May, 2004
  18. Kraft, K. H. et al. 2013. A new collection of wild populations of Capsicum in Mexico and the southern United States. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 60:225-232.
  19. Kumar, O. A. et al. 1988. Cytogenetics of interspecific hybrids in the genus Capsicum L. Euphytica 39:47-51. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
  20. Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants
  21. Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
  22. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
  23. Libreros, D. et al. 2013. Catálogo de ajíes (Capsicum spp.) peruanos promisorios conservados en el banco de semillas del INIA - Perú. Bioversity internationl. Bioversity International., The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy. 1-49.
  24. Liogier, H. A. 1984-. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands.
  25. Loaiza-Figueroa, F. et al. 1989. Patterns of genetic variation of the genus Capsicum (Solanaceae) in Mexico. Pl. Syst. Evol. 165:159-188.
  26. Mansfeld, R. 1959. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2.
  27. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
  28. Monteiro da Silva, C. E. et al. 2011. Reproductive characterization of interspecific hybrids among Capsicum species. Crop Breed. Appl. Biotechnol. 11:241-249.
  29. Moscone, E. A. et al. 2007. The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective. Acta Hort. 745:137-170.
  30. Onus, A. N. & B. Pickersgill. 2004. Unilateral incompatibility in Capsicum (Solanaceae): Occurrence and taxonomic distribution. Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 94:289-295.
  31. Personal Care Products Council. INCI
  32. Pickersgill, B. et al. 1979. Numerical taxonomic studies on variation and domestication in some species of Capsicum. The biology and taxonomy of the Solanacae 679-699.
  33. Pickersgill, B. 1971. Relationships between weedy and cultivated forms in some species of chili peppers (genus Capsicum). Evolution 25:683-691.
  34. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
  35. Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
  36. Rodriguez, J. M. et al. 1999. Variation among and within Capsicum species revealed by RAPD markers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 99:147-156.
  37. Shim, D. et al. 2016. The complete chloroplast genome of Capsicum frutescens (Solanaceae). Applic. Pl. Sci. 4:1600002.
  38. Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 8:137. Note: mentions
  39. Silvar, C. & C. A. García- González. 2016. Deciphering genetic diversity in the origins of pepper (Capsicum spp.) and comparison with worldwide variability. Crop Sci. (Madison) 56:1-11.
  40. Smith, P. G. & C. B. Heiser, Jr. 1951. Taxonomic and genetic studies on the cultivated peppers, Capsicum annuum L. and C. frutescens L. Amer. J. Bot. 38:362-368.
  41. Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
  42. Stellari, G. M. et al. 2010. Contrasting modes for loss of pungency between cultivated and wild species of Capsicum. Heredity 104:460-471.
  43. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
  44. van Zonneveld, M. et al. 2015. Screening genetic resources of Capsicum peppers in their primary center of diversity in Bolivia and Peru. PLoS One 10(9): e0134663.
  45. Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
  46. Walsh, B. M. & S. B. Hoot. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships of Capsicum (Solanaceae) using DNA sequences from two noncoding regions: The chloroplast atpB-rbcL spacer region and nuclear waxy introns. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 162:1409-1418.
  47. Wang, D, & P. W. Bosland. 2006. The genes of Capsicum. HortScience 41:1169-1187.
  48. Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943-1980. Flora of Panama.
  49. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). Note: = Capsicum annuum L.
Common names
English
bird pepper –
capsicum –
hot pepper –
red chili –
spur pepper –
Tabasco pepper –
French
poivre rouge –
German
Chillies –
Japanese Rōmaji
kidachi-tō-garashi –
Portuguese
pimenta-malagueta –
Portuguese (Brazil)
malagueta –
Spanish
ají –
chile –
guindilla –
Spanish (Peru)
malaguete –
Swedish
tabascopeppar –
Transcribed Chinese
fan jiang –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoChiapas 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoOaxaca 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoTabasco 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoVeracruz de Ignacio de la Llave 
1NativeSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazil  
1NativeSouthern AmericaCentral AmericaCentral America  
1NativeSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaFrench Guiana  
1NativeSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaGuyana  
1NativeSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaSuriname  
1NativeSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaVenezuela  
1NativeSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaColombia  
1NativeSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaEcuador  
1NativeSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaPeru  
2Cultivated    widely cult. in neotropics
2CultivatedAfrica Africa  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  
2CultivatedPacificSouth-Central PacificFrench Polynesia  
Native
Northern America
  • SOUTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave]
Southern America
  • CENTRAL AMERICA: Central America
  • NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela
  • BRAZIL: Brazil
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Cultivated

  • REGION:
Africa
  • REGION: Africa
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India
Pacific
  • SOUTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: French Polynesia
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Food additivesflavoringspiceLeung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
Medicinesfolklore Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Vertebrate poisonsmammals Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. 1985. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2025. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://grip.mawarid.gov.om/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=8913. Accessed 6 May 2025.