GRIP

GRIP



Taxon:  Pyrus communis L.



Summary
Genus:
Pyrus
Section:
Pyrus
Family:
Rosaceae
Subfamily:
Amygdaloideae
Tribe:
Maleae
Subtribe:
Malinae
Nomen number:
30474
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:479, 2:1200. 1753
Comment:
probably of hybrid origin
Verified:
07/07/2011 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0 (0  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System. 
Other conspecific taxa
Pyrus communis L. subsp. caucasica (Fed.) Browicz (0 active accession[s])
Pyrus communis L. subsp. communis (0 active accession[s])
Pyrus communis L. subsp. pyraster (L.) Ehrh. (0 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Pyrus asiae-mediae (Popov) Maleev
Pyrus balansae Decne.
Pyrus bourgaeana Decne.
Pyrus communis L. subsp. bourgaeana (Decne.) Nyman
Pyrus communis L. var. mariana Willk.
Pyrus domestica Medik.
Pyrus elata Rubtzov
Pyrus medvedevii Rubtzov
No images


Reference(s)
  1. Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource).
  2. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) www.skud.info
  3. Boutelje, J. B. 1980. Encyclopedia of world timbers, names and technical literature
  4. Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning
  5. Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
  6. Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
  7. Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
  8. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
  9. Ferradini, N. et al. 2017. Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of ancient Italian landraces of pear. Front. Plant Sci. 8:751. Pages 1-13.
  10. Fischer, M. 2009. Pear breeding. Breeding plantation tree crops: temperate species 135-160.
  11. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
  12. Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
  13. Kimura, T. et al. 2002. Identification of Asian pear varieties by SSR analysis. Breed. Sci. 52:115-121.
  14. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
  15. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
  16. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
  17. Matthew, K. M. 1983. The flora of the Tamilnadu Carnatic.
  18. Meikle, R. D. 1977-1985. Flora of Cyprus.
  19. Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).
  20. Pan, Z. et al. 2002. Genetic diversity of cultivated resources of pear in North China. Acta Hort. 587:187-194.
  21. Personal Care Products Council. INCI
  22. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
  23. Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
  24. Reichel, S. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. German common names
  25. Teng, Y.-W. et al. 2001. Genetic relationships of pear cultivars in Xinjiang, China, as measured by RAPD markers. J. Hort. Sci. Biotechnol. 76:771-779.
  26. Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq.
  27. Tuz, A. S. 1972. K voprosu klassifikatsii roda Pyrus L. (Up-to-date systematics of the genus Pyrus L.). Trudy Prikl. Bot. 46:82.
  28. Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands.
  29. Westwood, M. N. & H. O. Bjornstad. 1971. Some fruit characteristics of interspecific hybrids and extent of self-sterility in Pyrus. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 98:22-24.
  30. Wolko, L. et al. 2010. Genetic diversity of European pear cultivars (Pyrus communis L.) and wild pear (Pyrus pyraster (L>) Burgsd.) inferred from microsatellite markers analysis. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 57:801-806.
  31. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition). Note: = Pyrus communis var. sativa
  32. Zheng, X. et al. 2014. Phylogeny and evolutionary histories of Pyrus L. revealed by phylogenetic trees and networks based on data from multiple DNA sequences. Molec. Phylogenet. Evol. 80:54-65.
Common names
English
pear –
French
poirier –
German
Birnbaum –
Birne –
Birnenbaum –
Italian
pera –
pero –
Japanese Rōmaji
seiyō-nashi –
Portuguese
pereira –
Spanish
pera –
peral –
Swedish
päron –
Transcribed Chinese
xi yang li –
Transcribed Korean
byeongbaenamu –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusArmenia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusAzerbaijan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusGeorgia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian FederationDagestan 
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian Federation-CiscaucasiaCiscaucasia 
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKyrgyzstan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTajikistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaUzbekistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaCyprus  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeEstonia  
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeLatvia  
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeLithuania  
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeMoldova  
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeRussian Federation-European partEuropean part 
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeUkraine incl. Krym
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeBelgium  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeCzech Republic  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeHungary  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeLiechtenstein  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeLuxembourg  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeNetherlands  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropePoland  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeSlovakia  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeSwitzerland  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeAlbania  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBulgaria  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeCroatia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly incl. Sardinia, Sicily
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeMontenegro  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeNorth Macedonia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeRomania  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSerbia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSlovenia  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropePortugal  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain  
2Cultivated    widely cult.
4Naturalized    widely natzd.
6Other    probable origin Eurasia
Native
Asia-Temperate
  • WESTERN ASIA: Cyprus, Turkey
  • CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
  • MIDDLE ASIA: Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Europe
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia
  • EASTERN EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part], Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova, Ukraine (incl. Krym)
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), North Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France, Portugal
Cultivated (widely cult.)
Naturalized (widely natzd.)
Other (probable origin Eurasia)
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Human foodbeverage base Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
Human foodfruit Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
MaterialswoodtimberBoutelje, J. B. 1980. Encyclopedia of world timbers, names and technical literature
Medicinesfolklore Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Vertebrate poisonsmammals Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2025. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://grip.mawarid.gov.om/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=30474. Accessed 29 April 2025.