| Bee plants | honey production | | National Academy of Sciences. 1980. Firewood crops. Shrub and tree species for energy production |
| Environmental | ornamental | | National Academy of Sciences. 1980. Firewood crops. Shrub and tree species for energy production |
| Environmental | ornamental | | Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds |
| Fuels | potential as fuelwood | | National Academy of Sciences. 1980. Firewood crops. Shrub and tree species for energy production |
| Human food | fruit | | Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1981. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon. 2:443-444. |
| Human food | fruit | | Facciola, S. 1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants Kampong Publications. |
| Human food | fruit | | Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds |
| Human food | fruit | | Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. 1952-. Flora of tropical East Africa. |
| Materials | wood | | Luna, R. K. 1996. Plantation trees. Note: International Book Distributors |
| Materials | wood | timber | Boutelje, J. B. 1980. Encyclopedia of world timbers, names and technical literature |
| Medicines | folklore | | Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs |
| Medicines | folklore | | Kala, C. P. et al. 2004. Prioritization of medicinal plants on the basis of available knowledge, existing practices and use value status in Uttaranchal, India. Biodivers. & Conservation 13:460. |
| Medicines | folklore | | McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland. |
| Weed | | | Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds |
| Weed | | | Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute, Handbook 12 |