GRIP

GRIP



Taxon:  Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. subsp. sativa (Mill.) Thell.



Summary
Genus:
Eruca
Family:
Brassicaceae (alt. Cruciferae)
Tribe:
Brassiceae
Nomen number:
104951
Place of publication:
G. Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt._Eur. 4(1):201. 1918
Verified:
04/01/2010 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0 (0  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System. 
Other conspecific taxa
Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. (0 active accession[s])
Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. subsp. pinnatifida (Desf.) Thell. (0 active accession[s])
Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. subsp. vesicaria (0 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Basionym
Eruca sativa Mill.

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Brassica eruca L.
Eruca sativa Mill. subsp. sativa

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Brassica erucoides Roxb.
Eruca longirostris Uechtr.
Eruca sativa Mill. subsp. longirostris (Uechtr.) Jahand. & Maire
Eruca stenocarpa Boiss. & Reut.
No images


Reference(s)
  1. PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
  2. Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. 1976-. Flora of Libya. Note: = Eruca sativa Mill.
  3. Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 116.
  4. Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. Note: = Eruca sativa Mill.
  5. Eriksson, O. et al. 1979. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 2.
  6. FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
  7. Girija, T. & Tabish. Flowers of India (on-line resource).
  8. Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984-. Med-Checklist. Note: = Eruca sativa Mill.
  9. Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
  10. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. Note: = Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav.
  11. Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
  12. Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75 Note: = Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav.
  13. Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
  14. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2 Note: = Eruca sativa Mill.
  15. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan. Note: = Eruca sativa Mill.
  16. Pignone, D. & C. Gómez-Campo. 2011. Chapter 8. Eruca. Wild crop relatives: genomic and breeding resources, oilseeds 145-160.
  17. Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica. Note: = Eruca sativa Mill.
  18. Rollins, R. C. & I. A. Al-Shehbaz. 1986. Weeds of south-west Asia in North America with special reference to the Cruciferae. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 89B:294.
  19. Rollins, R. C. 1993. The Cruciferae of continental North America
  20. Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of India.
  21. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
  22. Warwick, S. I. et al. 2006. Brassicaceae: Species checklist and database on CD-Rom. Pl. Syst. Evol. 259:249-258.
  23. Warwick, S. I. et al. 2007. Genetic variation in Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. Pl. Genet. Resources Charact. Util. 5:142-153.
  24. Warwick, S. I. 1995. New taxonomic views within Eruca and Diplotaxis genera in the light of hybridization and molecular findings. In S. Padulosi, ed., Rocket Genetic Resources Network. Report of the first meeting, Lisbon, Portugal. Rocket Genet. Res. Netw. 22-35.
  25. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Common names
English
arugula –
edible rocket –
garden rocket –
Italian cress –
rocket –
rocket-salad –
Roman rocket –
rugula –
salad rocket –
Arabic
gargir –
girgir –
jirjeer –
Danish
salatsennep –
English (Canada)
garden rocket –
French
roquette –
French (Canada)
roquette des jardins –
German
Garten-Senfrauke –
Ölrauke –
Rauke –
Rukola –
Senfrauke –
India
jamba –
taramira –
Italian
ruca –
ruchetta –
rucola –
Malay
rucola –
Polish
rokietta siewna –
Portuguese
rábano-silvestre –
Russian
mindau –
Spanish
oruga común –
roqueta –
Swedish
senapskål –
Transcribed Chinese
zhi ma cai –
Turkish
roka –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaChad n.
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria n.
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt n.
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaLibya n.
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaTunisia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusArmenia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusAzerbaijan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian FederationDagestan 
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian Federation-CiscaucasiaCiscaucasia 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGansu Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGuangdong Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaHebei Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaHeilongjiang Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaJiangsu Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaLiaoning Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaNei Mongol Zizhiqu 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaShaanxi Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaShanxi Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaSichuan Sheng 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaXinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu 
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaTurkmenistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMongoliaMongolia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaAfghanistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaCyprus  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIraq  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIsrael  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaJordan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaLebanon  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaSyria  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan  
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeUkraineKrym 
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBulgaria  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece incl. Crete
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItalySardegna 
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItalySicilia 
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeRomania s.
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSerbia e.
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance s. & Corsica
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropePortugal  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain incl. Baleares
2Cultivated    lesser cult. elsewhere
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaChad  
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEritrea  
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEthiopia  
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSudan  
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria  
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt  
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaLibya  
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaTunisia  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaMali  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaMauritania  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNiger  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia n. & c.
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan  
2CultivatedEurope Europe s.
2CultivatedNorthern America Canada  
2CultivatedNorthern America United States  
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalMadeira Islands 
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaSpainCanarias 
4NaturalizedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEthiopia  
4NaturalizedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSudan  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZimbabwe  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth Africa  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaBahrain  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaKuwait  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaOmanAl Batinah North 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaQatar  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaSaudi Arabia  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaUnited Arab Emirates  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaYemen  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanHonshu 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Eastern SiberiaEastern Siberia 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Western SiberiaWestern Siberia 
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustralia  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaNew ZealandNew Zealand  
4NaturalizedEuropeEastern EuropeEstonia  
4NaturalizedEuropeEastern EuropeLatvia  
4NaturalizedEuropeEastern EuropeLithuania  
4NaturalizedEuropeEastern EuropeRussian Federation-European partEuropean partw.
4NaturalizedEuropeEastern EuropeUkraine  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeHungary  
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeSwitzerland  
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeNorway s.
4NaturalizedEuropeNorthern EuropeSweden s.
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeAlbania  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeCroatia  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeMontenegro  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeNorth Macedonia  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeRomania  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSerbia  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSlovenia  
4NaturalizedEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance  
4NaturalizedNorthern America Canada  
4NaturalizedNorthern America Mexico  
4NaturalizedNorthern America United States  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentina  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaChile  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaEcuadorLoja 
6Other    exact native range obscure
Native
Africa
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria (n.), Egypt (n.), Libya (n.), Morocco, Tunisia
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Chad (n.)
Asia-Temperate
  • WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
  • CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
  • MIDDLE ASIA: Turkmenistan
  • MONGOLIA: Mongolia
  • CHINA: China [Gansu Sheng, Guangdong Sheng, Hebei Sheng, Heilongjiang Sheng, Jiangsu Sheng, Liaoning Sheng, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, Shaanxi Sheng, Shanxi Sheng, Sichuan Sheng, Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu]
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Pakistan
Europe
  • EASTERN EUROPE: Ukraine [Krym]
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Bulgaria, Greece (incl. Crete), Italy [Sardegna, Sicilia], Romania (s.), Serbia (e.)
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares), France (s. & Corsica), Portugal
Cultivated

  • REGION:
Africa
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Chad
  • WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Mali, Mauritania, Niger
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India (n. & c.), Pakistan
Europe
  • REGION: Europe (s.)
Northern America
  • REGION: Canada, United States
Naturalized
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Spain [Canarias], Portugal [Madeira Islands]
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Ethiopia, Sudan
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Zimbabwe
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: South Africa
Asia-Temperate
  • ARABIAN PENINSULA: United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman [Al Batinah North], Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
  • SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia]
  • EASTERN ASIA: Japan [Honshu]
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia
  • NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand
Europe
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Norway (s.), Sweden (s.)
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Hungary
  • EASTERN EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part (w.)], Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: France
Northern America
  • REGION: Canada, Mexico, United States
Southern America
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Ecuador [Loja]
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Chile
Other (exact native range obscure)
Economic Uses
UsageTypeNoteReference
Animal foodfodderas Eruca sativaTownsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq.
Food additivesflavoringas spice in sauces or prepared mustardWarwick, S. I. et al. 2007. Genetic variation in Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. Pl. Genet. Resources Charact. Util. 5:142-153.
Human foodoil/fatseeds are source of Jamba oil or Taramira oil fide Use Pl WT Afr, as E. sativaBurkill, H. M. 1985-2004. The useful plants of west tropical Africa.
Human foodvegetablefide Genet Res Charact Ut 5:143. 2007, as pungent or non-pungent vegetable for saladsWarwick, S. I. et al. 2007. Genetic variation in Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. Pl. Genet. Resources Charact. Util. 5:142-153.
Weedpotential seed contaminant Rollins, R. C. 1993. The Cruciferae of continental North America
Weedpotential seed contaminantas Eruca sativaRechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica. Note: = Eruca sativa Mill.
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2025. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://grip.mawarid.gov.om/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=104951. Accessed 19 May 2025.